What the book does
Acemoglu and Johnson challenge the assumption that technology automatically produces broad prosperity. Across a thousand years of history, they show how innovation is shaped by power, institutions and social choices, and argue that digital technology and AI must be redirected towards shared, job-creating gains.
What it changes in practice
The useful shift is simple: it moves the board conversation from 'should we use this technology?' to 'are we confident it is being used responsibly?' When looking at AI or automation proposals, it triggers directors to ask who benefits, what human judgement or work might be displaced, and what safeguards are in place. It is less about approving the tool, and more about staying accountable for what the tool changes.
Why I recommend it
I recommend it because it gives decision-makers a disciplined way to question technological inevitability. The book is persuasive where it links historical examples to current debates on automation, surveillance, platform power and AI. Its practical value for me is the discipline of pausing before accepting innovation as an uncomplicated good, and asking who gains, who loses, and what choices are being hidden by the language of progress. Technology can be steered, but only if institutions, incentives and accountability are designed for broad benefit. Readers may find the historical sweep demanding, but the central message is highly relevant for boards.
Who it suits
Board members, executives and policy advisers considering AI, automation, labour markets, inequality and responsible innovation.
Recommended by
Nanette van Vliet, NEDness Co-founder and Chief Operating Officer